Who or Whom?

Who : is used as the subject of a sentence or a clause ( group of words containing a subject and verb) and NEVER as an OBJECT.

• Who said we wouldn't make a profit? 
• (Who is the subject of the sentence)
• Can you tell who is talking right now?
• (Who is the subject of the clause)
• The job goes to whoever answers the ad first.
• (Whoever is the subject of the clause)

Whom : is always used in the objective case as the object of a verb or preposition. It is NEVER used as the SUBJECT.

• To Whom It May Concern.
• (Whom is the object of the preposition to.)
• Whom did you see at the opera?
• (Whom is the object of the verb see.)
• The job goes to whomever you call first.
• (Whoever is the object of the verb call)

Test Yourself!!

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https://create.kahoot.it/share/who-or-whom/7a7542fa-7722-40e8-bec3-44ae696a06a6

Prepositions
A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They act to connect the people, objects, time and locations of a sentence.  Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns. In some cases, you’ll find prepositions in front of gerund verbs.

Prepositions of Time, Place and Movement

1. Jim is in France, visiting his aunt in the hospital.
2. The whiskey is in the jar in the fridge.
3. The girls play in the garden.

Future Tenses 😉



😎How do you say about the things that have not happened yet and will happen in the future? You will be interested to know the format of the sentences which talk about the future. Interesting? Let’s learn how to use tenses in the future tense.

Types of Future Tense:

1. Future Progressive Tense
2. Simple Future Tense
3. Future Perfect Tense
4. Future Perfect Progressive Tense

Future progressive Tense

indicates continuing action, something that will be happening, going on, at some point in the future. This tense is formed with the modal "will" plus "be," plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):

For example:

Singular	Plural
I will be walking	we will be walking
you will be walking	you will be walking
he/she/it will be walking	they will be walking

Simple Future Tense

• It is also used to denote facts or events of certainty
• It is used to give a warning or take a spontaneous decision
• To express readiness
•  Make an offer or suggestion using ‘shall’
• To give an invitation or an order to someone

It can be used in affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences. Both ‘shall’ and ‘will’ can be used in simple future tense sentences, but modern English uses ‘Will’ rather than ‘shall’.

Singular	Plural
I will walk	we will walk
you will walk	you will walk
he/she/it will walk	they will walk

Future Perfect Tense

indicates that an action will have been completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the future. This tense is formed with "will" plus "have" plus the past participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in form): 

Singular	Plural
I will have walked	we will have walked
you will have walked	you will have walked
he/she/it will have walked	they will have walked

Future Perfect Progressive

also sometimes called the future perfect continuous, is a verb tense that describes actions that will continue up until a point in the future. The future perfect continuous consists of will + have + been + the verb’s present participle (verb root + -ing).

When we describe an action in the future perfect continuous tense, we are projecting ourselves forward in time and looking back at the duration of that activity. The activity will have begun sometime in the past, present, or in the future, and is expected to continue in the future.

For example:

• In November, I will have been working at my company for three years.
• At five o’clock, I will have been waiting for thirty minutes.
• When I turn thirty, I will have been playing piano for twenty-one years.

Let's play Kahoot game!!

Please click the url below. Enjoy!

https://create.kahoot.it/share/future-tense/1b5a9eec-d772-467c-929c-f9749a9d4b72

QUESTIONS BANK

Hi everyone! We came out with the idea of collecting questions from any sources to help you to improve your English, especially on grammar. The questions or tests that we provided here hopefully will  help you in preparing yourself to seat for SPM next year. Feel free to share the contents with your teachers and friends!

Wishing you all the best, students! 😼😼😼



Click on the links provided to download the question papers.


TRIAL PAPER:

English Trial Paper 1 (Penang)
English Trial Paper 2 (Penang)
Scheme

English Trial Paper 2017 (Johor)

English Trial Paper (Kedah)

English Trial Paper (Kelantan)English Trial Paper (Malacca)



SPM MODULE:

SMART module

SMART module 2

Final Leap Module

Cemerlang Module

The Past Tenses

THE PAST TENSES 

A. Simple Past Tense 









1. The simple past tense is used to show that something had happened at a certain time in the past. Examples: 

• The football team won the inter-school tournament last Saturday. 
• Katrina bought the dress last week. 

2. Used to show a habitual  past action.  
Examples: 

• My brother visited us often when he lived in Bentong. 
• Hanim always ate cereal for breakfast. 

3. Used to express an unlikely event, especially with ‘if’ or ‘wish’ clauses.  
Examples: 

• I wish I were millionaire. 
• If I were you, I would forgive him. 
• I wish I knew about the party earlier. 

4. Used in the expression “It is time…..”  
Examples: 

• It is time you finished your homework. 
• It is time we left this place. 

5. Used in Indirect Speech to replace the present tense in Direct Speech.  
Examples: 

• Nurul said, “I am happy to be elected.” (DS) 
• Nurul said that she was happy to be elected. (IS) 
• “Congratulations, Shafiq,” said Iskandar.(DS) 
• Iskandar congratulated Shafiq. (IS) 

6. Used in the passive form, showing a past action.  
Examples: 

• The boys were scolded for their indiscipline. 
• The poster was taken out from the notice board. 

B. Past Continuous Tense 

1. The past continuous tense is used to describe an action that was happening at a definite time in the past.  

Examples:

• It was raining when I left the house. 
• Hannah was playing squash when I saw her. 

2. It is used to express a past habitual action.  

Examples: 

• She was always sleeping in class when she was a student. 
• Robert was often teasing Sarah before he married her. 

3. It is used to show gradual development.  

Examples: 

• The bird was flying higher and higher. 
• The car was going slower and slower. 

4. It is used to express an action that was happening when another action was being performed.  

Examples: 

• When I was watching the television, the telephone rang. 
•  As Mary was driving, a cat dashed out from the bushes. 
• While mother was cooking, someone rang the doorbell. 

5. It is used to show two actions happening at the same time in the past.  Examples: 

• While Lim was cycling, he was singing happily. 
• As Asri was cleaning the whiteboard, Mas was sweeping the floor. 

C. Past Perfect Tense 

1. The past perfect  tense is used to show a past action which happened earlier that another action in the past.  

Examples; 

• Hanim had washed the car when I arrived home. 
• When we reached the cinema, the movie had started. 

2. Used to replace the present perfect tense in reported speech.  

Examples: 

• “Karim has gone out,” said his sister. 
• His sister said that Karim had gone out. 
• “Kallie has washed all the dishes,” said June. 
• June said that Kallie had washed all the dishes. 

3. Used with the words ‘wish’ and ‘hope’, to show an unfulfilled action.  Examples: 

• I wish I had brought along my camera. 
• I wish you had reminded me about the meeting. 

D. Past Perfect Continuous Tense 

1. The past perfect continuous tense is used to show an action which began before the time of speaking in the past, and continued up to that time.  Examples: 

• Carol was exhausted because she had been working since morning. 
• The child was sleepy as she had been listening to our conversation for the past hour. 

2. it is used to express a repeated action. 

 Examples:

• Sally had jumped ten times to reach the mango. 
• Sally had been jumping to reach the mango. 
• I had been trying numerous times to reach you on the phone. 
• I had been trying to reach you on the phone. 

Exercise 1 

Fill in the blanks with a verb in past tense

1. I wish I ______ hold a high position in the company. (can) 

2. They arrived early because they ____ the way. (know) 

3. When I _______ my bath, the telephone rang. ( take) 

4. As her sister sang, the little girl _____ . (dance)   

5. Salam ______ his parcel last Friday. (receive) 

6. I did not know what had happened because I ______ the whole afternoon.(sleep) 

7. Had they ______ harder they might have won the tournament. (try) 

8. When the police reached the hideout, the smugglers _______ away.(run) 

9. If I had known about his situation, I _______ more money. (donate) 

10. The workers _______ the house before we left for work.(paint)  

Exercise 2 

Fill in each of the blanks below with a verb in the past tense. 


1. By the time Fauzi reached the office, the manager _____ (leave) 

2. We were surprised to see that the whole building ________ down.(tear) 

3. The window of the bungalow _______ by a flying golf ball. (break) 

4. During the tsunami, many trees ______(uproot) 

5. Najmi _______ for being caring and helpful. (commend) 

6. Before the bully was captured, he ______ money from all his classmates.(extort) 

7. If the weather had been fine, we ________ for a picnic.(go) 

8. I wish I ________ my fishing rod. (bring) 

9. When we reached Ipoh, it _______heavily.(rain) 


10. Before the results _________ , we left the hall.(announce) 


Exercise 3

The Present Tenses

A. Simple Present Tense 

1. We use the simple present tense to state a repeated or habitual action.
Examples:

• Ahmad waters the plants every morning. 
• We play hockey every afternoon. 

2. The simple tense is used to state a fact.
Examples:

• Sheela lives in Jerantut. 
• Mother buys groceries at the nearby mini market. 

3. The simple tense is used to refer to a truth.
Examples:

• The sun sets in the west. 
• Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia. 

4. To show future action that is apart of a plan or arrangement, especially connected with traveling.  
Examples:

• The train leaves at 11.00 in the morning. 
• The meeting begins in an hour time. 

5. To give instructions or orders.
Examples:

• Clean the windows. 
• Keep all your books now.

6. The simple present tense is used in conditionals.
Examples:

• If you finish your work, you can follow us to the cinema. 
• If he is well, we can take him to the zoo. 

7. The simple present tense is used in the passive voice.
Examples:

• Coyotito is stung by a scorpion. 
• The cats are chased by the naughty boy. 

B. Present Continuous Tense 

1. The present continuous tense is used for an action happening now.  

Examples: 

•  I am cleaning the fish. 
• The boys are playing handball. 

2. The present continuous tense is used to show an action that is often repeated.  

Examples: 

• The girls are always arguing with each other. 
• Sam is always talking about his new girlfriend. 

3. To explain an action that is happening about this time but may not be at the moment of conversation.  

Examples: 

• Kasmah is preparing dishes for the party. 
• The students are in the hall.  They are attending a seminar on drugs. 

4. To express a future action that has been planned.  

Examples: 

• I am baking a cake this weekend. 
• We are leaving for Sabah tonight. 

C. Present Perfect Tense 

1. The present perfect tense is used to show an action just completed. 

 Examples: 

• I have completed my homework. 
• We have just finished our dinner. 

2. To show an action that began in the past and is continuing up to the present time.  

Examples: 

• Karen has been working for the company since 2002. 
• We have known the Tan family for more than ten years. 

3. For an action which happened at an indefinite time in the past.  

Examples: 

• The children has finished their homework. 
• We have already fed the cats. 

4. It is used in passive voice.  

Examples: 

• The school has been repainted. 
• The banners for the seminars have been put up. 

D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense 

1. The present perfect continuous tense is used to express an action which began in the past and is still continuing.  

Examples; 

• It has been raining since yesterday. 
• They have been practicing the song since this morning. 

2. A repeated action in the present  perfect tense can sometimes be expressed as a continuous action by the present perfect continuous.  

Examples:

• I have read five chapters of that novel since this morning. 
• I have been reading since this morning. 
• Rani has played the piano six times since lunch. 
• Rani has been playing the piano since lunch. 

Exercise 1 

Fill in the blanks with the correct simple present, present continuous, present perfect or present perfect continuous tense. 

1. Yap always _______ to the coffee shop for a cup of coffee. (go) 

2. You must register early because the course ______ on Monday. (start) 

3. The postman ______ letters to our housing area late. (deliver) 

4. If you _______ me early, I may consider going there. (inform) 

5. Don’t  make noise because the baby ______ now. (sleep) 

6. We are happy that we _____ the project. ( complete) 

7. Longans _______ at the stalls over there. (sell) 

8. A baby usually ______ when she is hungry. (cry) 

9. The sick child __________ his medicine. (take) 

Exercise 2

Simple Tenses

Verb tense tells you when the action happens. There are three main verb tenses: present, past, and future. Each main tense is divided into simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive tenses. Things to remember about simple tense:      a. Present tense is the original verb form.       b. Past tense has a few patterns.       c. Future tense needs will (shall) + verb.  run I run a marathon twice a year. (present) I ran a marathon last year. (past) I will run a marathon next year. (future) eat I eat lunch in my office. I ate lunch an hour ago. I will eat lunch in one hour. see I see a movie once a week. I saw a movie yesterday. I will see a movie tomorrow. know I know it. I knew it the day before yesterday. I will know it by tomorrow. learn I learn English. I learned English the last two years. I will learn English next year. cook I cook my supper every night. I cooked our dinner already. I will cook breakfast tomorrow. Let's try a simple quiz here:

https://b.socrative.com/teacher/#import-quiz/39984686